the Modern Wing of Art Institute Chicago Is Best Described

Fine art museum and school in Chicago, United states of america

Art Institute of Chicago

As seen from Michigan Ave
Location within Chicago metropolitan area Evidence map of Chicago metropolitan surface area Art Establish of Chicago (Illinois) Prove map of Illinois Art Establish of Chicago (the United States) Show map of the United states of america
Established	1879; in present location since 1893
Location	111 South Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60603 USA
Coordinates	41°52′46″Northward 87°37′26″W  /  41.87944°North 87.62389°W  / 41.87944; -87.62389 Coordinates: 41°52′46″N 87°37′26″West  /  41.87944°North 87.62389°W  / 41.87944; -87.62389
Drove size	300,000 works
Visitors	1.79 million (2016)[1] 365,660 (2020) (drop due to COVID-19 pandemic closures)[2]
Director	James Rondeau
Public transit access	CTA Bus routes: (6 and 28 line) 'L' and Subway stations: Adams-Wabash: Chocolate-brown Line Green Line Orange Line Pink Line Majestic Line Monroe/State: Carmine Line Monroe/Dearborn: Blue Line Metra Train: Van Buren Street Station
Website	www.artic.edu

The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago'due south Grant Park, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity among visitors, the museum hosts approximately i.5 million people annually.^[3] Its collection, stewarded past eleven curatorial departments, is encyclopedic, and includes iconic works such as Georges Seurat'due south A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Pablo Picasso'southward The Old Guitarist, Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, and Grant Wood's American Gothic. Its permanent collection of nearly 300,000 works of art is augmented by more than 30 special exhibitions mounted yearly that illuminate aspects of the collection and present cut-edge curatorial and scientific research.

As a research institution, the Art Institute also has a conservation and conservation science department, five conservation laboratories, and ane of the largest art history and architecture libraries in the state—the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries.

The growth of the collection has warranted several additions to the museum'southward 1893 building, which was constructed for the World's Columbian Exposition. The most recent expansion, the Modernistic Wing designed by Renzo Pianoforte, opened in 2009 and increased the museum's footprint to virtually one million square feet, making it the second-largest art museum in the The states, later the Metropolitan Museum of Fine art.^[iv] The Art Found is associated with the Schoolhouse of the Fine art Institute of Chicago, a leading art school, making it one of the few remaining unified arts institutions in the United States.

In 2017, the Art Constitute received one,619,316 visitors, and was the 35th nearly-visited art museum in the world.^[five] Even so, in 2020, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic, the museum was closed for 169 days, and attendance plunged past 78 percent from 2019, to 365,660.^[6]

History [edit]

In 1866, a group of 35 artists founded the Chicago Academy of Design in a studio on Dearborn Street, with the intent to run a free school with its own art gallery. The organization was modeled after European fine art academies, such equally the Royal Academy, with Academicians and Acquaintance Academicians. The University's lease was granted in March 1867.

Classes started in 1868, meeting every day at a cost of $10 per month. The University'due south success enabled it to build a new home for the school, a five-story stone edifice on 66 Westward Adams Street, which opened on November 22, 1870.

When the Keen Chicago Fire destroyed the building in 1871 the Academy was thrown into debt. Attempts to go on despite the loss past using rented facilities failed. By 1878, the Academy was $10,000 in debt. Members tried to rescue the ailing institution by making deals with local businessmen, before some finally abandoned it in 1879 to found a new organization, named the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. When the Chicago University of Pattern went bankrupt the same twelvemonth, the new Chicago Academy of Fine Arts bought its assets at auction.

This 1893 sketch of the and so new Art Institute of Chicago shows most of today'south Grant Park however submerged under Lake Michigan, with the railroad tracks running forth the shoreline behind the Museum

In 1882, the Chicago University of Fine Arts changed its name to the current Art Institute of Chicago and elected as its first president the banker and philanthropist Charles L. Hutchinson, who "is arguably the unmarried near important individual to have shaped the direction and fortunes of the Art Plant of Chicago".^{[7] : 5} Hutchinson was a director of many prominent Chicago organizations, including the University of Chicago,^[8] and would transform the Art Constitute into a world-class museum during his presidency, which he held until his death in 1924.^[9] Also in 1882, the organization purchased a lot on the southwest corner of Michigan Avenue and Van Buren Street for $45,000. The existing commercial building on that belongings was used for the system's headquarters, and a new addition was constructed backside it to provide gallery infinite and to firm the school'south facilities.^{[7] : xix} By Jan 1885 the trustees recognized the need to provide additional space for the arrangement's growing drove, and to this stop purchased the vacant lot directly south on Michigan Avenue. The commercial building was demolished,^[ten] and the noted architect John Wellborn Root was hired by Hutchinson to design a building that would create an "impressive presence" on Michigan Avenue,^{[vii] : 22–23} and these facilities opened to peachy fanfare in 1887.^{[7] : 24}

With the annunciation of the World's Columbian Exposition to be held in 1892–93, the Art Institute pressed for a building on the lakefront to be synthetic for the fair, but to exist used by the Institute afterwards. The city agreed, and the building was completed in time for the 2nd year of the off-white. Construction costs were met past selling the Michigan/Van Buren property. On October 31, 1893, the Plant moved into the new building. For the opening reception on December 8, 1893, Theodore Thomas and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed.

From the early 1900s (to the 1960s the schoolhouse offered with the Logan Family unit (members of the board) the Logan Medal of the Arts, an award which became ane of the nearly distinguished awards presented to artists in the The states. Between 1959 and 1970, the establish was a key site in the battle to proceeds art and documentary photography a place in galleries, under curator Hugh Edwards and his administration.

As Director of the museum starting in the early 1980s, James N. Wood conducted a major expansion of its collection and oversaw a major renovation and expansion project for its facilities. As "one of the most respected museum leaders in the land", as described by The New York Times, Wood created major exhibitions of works by Paul Gauguin, Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh that set up records for attendance at the museum. He retired from the museum in 2004.^[xi]

The Institute began construction of "The Modern Fly", an addition situated on the southwest corner of Columbus and Monroe in the early 21st century.^[12] The projection, designed by Pritzker Prize–winning builder Renzo Piano, was completed and officially opened to the public on May 16, 2009. The 264,000-square-foot (24,500 thou^two) building addition made the Art Plant the second-largest art museum in the Usa. The edifice houses the museum's world-renowned collections of 20th and 21st century art, specifically modern European painting and sculpture, contemporary art, architecture and pattern, and photography. In its inaugural survey in 2014, travel review website and forum, Tripadvisor, reviewed millions of travelers' surveys and named the Fine art Institute the world's best museum.^[xiii]

The museum received perhaps the largest souvenir of fine art in its history in 2015.^[14] Collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson donated a "collection [that] is among the world'southward greatest groups of postwar Popular art ever assembled".^[15] The donation includes works by Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, Cy Twombly, Jeff Koons, Charles Ray, Richard Prince, Cindy Sherman, Roy Lichtenstein and Gerhard Richter. The museum agreed to proceed the donated piece of work on brandish for at least 50 years.^[15] In June 2018, the museum received a $50 million donation, the largest single appear monetary donation in its history.^[16]

Collection [edit]

The collection of the Fine art Constitute of Chicago encompasses more 5,000 years of human expression from cultures around the globe and contains more than than 300,000 works of art in 11 curatorial departments, ranging from early on Japanese prints to the art of the Byzantine Empire to contemporary American fine art. It is principally known for one of the United states' finest drove of paintings produced in Western civilization.^{[17] [18]}

African Art and Indian Art of the Americas [edit]

The Art Institute'due south African Art and Indian Fine art of the Americas collections are on display across two galleries in the due south end of the Michigan Avenue building. The African collection includes more than than 400 works that span the continent, highlighting ceramics, garments, masks, and jewelry.^[19]

The Amerindian collection includes Native North American art and Mesoamerican and Andean works. From pottery to textiles, the drove brings together a wide array of objects that seek to illustrate the thematic and aesthetic focuses of art spanning the Americas.^[twenty]

American Art [edit]

The Art Plant's American Art collection contains some of the best-known works in the American catechism, including Edward Hopper'due south Nighthawks, Grant Wood'south American Gothic, and Mary Cassatt's The Child's Bath. The drove ranges from colonial argent to modern and contemporary paintings.

The museum purchased Nighthawks in 1942 for $3,000;^{[21] [22] [23]} its acquisition "launched" the painting into "immense popular recognition".^[24] Considered an "icon of American culture",^{[21] [25]} Nighthawks is mayhap Hopper'due south near famous painting, too equally one of the most recognizable images in American art.^{[26] [27] [28]} Also well known, American Gothic has been in the museum'southward collection since 1930 and was only loaned outside of North America for the kickoff time in 2016.^[29] Forest's painting depicts what has been called "the most famous couple in the globe", a dour, rural-American, father and daughter. It was entered into a contest at the Art Plant in 1930, and although not a favorite of some, it won a medal and was acquired by the museum.^{[30] [31]}

Aboriginal and Byzantine [edit]

The Art Institute'south ancient drove spans about 4,000 years of fine art and history, showcasing Greek, Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian sculpture, mosaics, pottery, jewelry, glass, and statuary likewise as a robust and well-maintained collection of ancient coins. At that place are around 5,000 works in the collection, offering a comprehensive survey of the ancient and medieval Mediterranean earth, beginning with the third millennium B.C. and extending to the Byzantine Empire.^[32] The collection also holds the mummy and mummy case of Paankhenamun.^{[33] [34]}

Architecture and Pattern [edit]

The Department of Architecture and Design holds more than 140,000 works, from models to drawings from the 1870s to the present day. The collection covers landscape architecture, structural engineering science, and industrial blueprint, including the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier.^[35]

Asian Art [edit]

The Art Institute'south Asian collection spans nearly 5,000 years, including meaning works and objects from People's republic of china, Korea, Nihon, India, Southeast Asia, and the Near and Middle East. At that place are 35,000 objects in the collection, showcasing bronzes, ceramics, and jades every bit well as textiles, screens, woodcuts, and sculptures.^[36] One gallery in detail attempts to mimic the quiet and meditative way in which Japanese screens are traditionally viewed.

European Decorative Arts [edit]

The Fine art Institute'south collection of European decorative arts includes some 25,000 objects of furniture, ceramics, metalwork, glass, enamel, and ivory from 1100 A.D. to the nowadays day. The department contains the ane,544 objects in the Arthur Rubloff Paperweight Collection and the 68 Thorne Miniature Rooms–a collection of miniaturized interiors of a 1:12 calibration showcasing American, European, and Asian architectural and furniture styles from the Middle Ages to the 1930s (when the rooms were constructed).^[37] Both the paperweights and the Thorne Rooms are located on the ground floor of the museum.

European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The museum is near famous for its collections of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, widely regarded as one of the finest collections outside of France.^[38] Highlights include more than than thirty paintings by Claude Monet, including vi of his Haystacks and a number of H2o Lilies. Also in the drove are important works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir such as Ii Sisters (On the Terrace), and Gustave Caillebotte's Paris Street; Rainy Day. Mail-Impressionist works include Paul Cézanne's The Handbasket of Apples, and Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair. At the Moulin Rouge past Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is another highlight. The pointillist masterpiece, which also inspired a musical and was famously featured in Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Georges Seurat's Sun Afternoon on La Grande Jatte—1884, is prominently displayed. Additionally, Henri Matisse's Bathers by a River, is an important example of his work. Highlights of not-French paintings of the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collection include Vincent van Gogh's Chamber in Arles and Self-portrait, 1887.

In the mid-1930s, the Art Institute received a gift of over one hundred works of fine art from Annie Swan Coburn ("Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Collection"). The "Coburn Renoirs" became the core of the Fine art Institute's Impressionist painting collection.^[39]

The collection also includes the Medieval and Renaissance Art, Arms, and Armor holdings, including the George F. Harding Collection of arms and armor,^[xl] and three centuries of Sometime Masters works.^[41]

Modern and Contemporary Art [edit]

The museum'south collection of mod and contemporary art was significantly augmented when collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson gifted 40 plus master works to the department in 2015.^[42] Pablo Picasso's Old Guitarist, Henri Matisse's Bathers past a River, Constantin Brâncuși'due south Golden Bird, and René Magritte'due south Time Transfixed are highlights of the modern galleries, located on the third floor of the Modernistic Wing.^[43] The contemporary installation, located on the second flooring, contains works by Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman, Cy Twombly, Jackson Pollock, Jasper Johns, and other meaning mod and contemporary artists.

Photography [edit]

The Art Institute didn't officially plant a photography collection until 1949, when Georgia O'Keeffe donated a pregnant portion of the Alfred Stieglitz drove to the museum.^[44] Since and so, the museum's collection has grown to approximately 20,000 works spanning the history of the artform from its inception in 1839 to the present.

Prints and Drawings [edit]

The print and drawings collection began with a donation by Elizabeth S. Stickney of 460 works in 1887, and was organized into its ain section of the museum in 1911.^[45] Their holdings have later on grown to 11,500 drawings and 60,000 prints, ranging from 15th-century works to contemporary. The collection contains a strong group of the works of Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Francisco Goya, and James McNeill Whistler. Because works on paper are sensitive to light and degrade quickly, the works are on brandish infrequently in order to keep them in proficient condition for as long as possible.

Textiles [edit]

The Department of Textiles has more than 13,000 textiles and 66,000 sample swatches in total, covering an array of cultures from 300 B.C. to the present. From English needlework to Japanese garments to American quilts, the drove presents a diverse group of objects, including contemporary works and fiber art.^[46]

Architecture [edit]

Michigan Avenue entrance today

A postcard of the Fine art Institute dated 1907

The electric current building at 111 S Michigan Avenue is the third accost for the Art Found. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts way by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge of Boston^[47] for the 1893 World'southward Columbian Exposition every bit the Globe's Congress Auxiliary Building with the intent that the Art Institute occupy the space after the off-white closed.

The Art Constitute's famous western archway on Michigan Artery is guarded past two bronze king of beasts statues created by Edward Kemeys. The lions were unveiled on May ten, 1894, each weighing more than 2 tons. The sculptor gave them unofficial names: the south lion is "stands in an attitude of defiance", and the n panthera leo is "on the cruise". When a Chicago sports team plays in the championships of their corresponding league (i.e. the Super Basin or Stanley Cup Finals, not the entire playoffs), the lions are frequently dressed in that team's uniform. Evergreen wreaths are placed around their necks during the Christmas flavor.

The east entrance of the museum is marked by the stone curvation archway to the old Chicago Stock Exchange. Designed by Louis Sullivan in 1894, the Exchange was torn downwards in 1972, merely salvaged portions of the original trading room were brought to the Art Found and reconstructed.

The Art Institute building has the unusual property of straddling open-air railroad tracks. Two stories of gallery space connect the eastward and west buildings while the Metra Electric and S Shore lines operate below. The lower level of gallery infinite was formerly the windowless Gunsaulus hall, simply is now home to the Alsdorf Galleries showcasing Indian, Southeast Asian and Himalayan Art. During renovation, windows facing north toward Millennium Park were added. The gallery space was designed by Renzo Pianoforte in conjunction with his design of the Modernistic Wing and features the same window screening used there to protect the fine art from direct sunlight. The upper level formerly held the modern European galleries, but was renovated in 2008 and now features the Impressionist and Postal service-Impressionist galleries.

Libraries [edit]

Located on the ground flooring of the museum is the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries. The Libraries' collections cover all periods of art, but is almost known for its all-encompassing collection of 18th to 20th century architecture. It serves the museum staff, college and university students, and is also open up to the general public. The Friends of the Libraries, a support group for the Libraries, offers events and special tours for its members.

Modern Wing [edit]

Fine art Institute of Chicago Modernistic Wing

On May 16, 2009, the Art Establish opened the Modern Wing, the largest expansion in the museum's history.^[48] The 264,000-square-foot (24,500 yardⁱⁱ) addition, designed by Renzo Piano, makes the Art Institute the second-largest museum in the US.^[4] The architect of record in the City of Chicago for this building was Interactive Blueprint.^[49] The Modern Wing is home to the museum's drove of early 20th-century European art, including Pablo Picasso's The Old Guitarist, Henri Matisse'southward Bathers by a River, and René Magritte's Time Transfixed. The Lindy and Edwin Bergman Collection of Surrealist art includes the largest public brandish of Joseph Cornell'due south works (37 boxes and collages).^[50] The Wing too houses contemporary art from after 1960; new photography, video media, architecture and blueprint galleries including original renderings by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Bruce Goff; temporary exhibition space; shops and classrooms; a cafe and a eatery, Terzo Piano, that overlooks Millennium Park from its terrace.^[51] In addition, the Nichols Bridgeway connects a sculpture garden on the roof of the new wing with the side by side Millennium Park to the northward and a courtyard designed by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol. In 2009, the Mod Wing won at the Chicago Innovation Awards.^[52]

Selections from the permanent drove [edit]

Note that other notable works are in the collection but the following examples are ones in the public domain and for which pictures are available. In 2018, equally information technology redesigned its website, the Art Institute released 52,438 of its public domain works, under the Creative Commons Goose egg (CC0) licence.^[53]

Paintings [edit]

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

  Paul Cézanne, The Bay of Marseilles, view from 50'Estaque, 1885

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

  Pablo Picasso, 1904, Woman with a Helmet of Hair, gouache on tan wood pulp board

• 

• 

• 

  Kazimir Malevich, Painterly Realism of a Football Player—Color Masses in the 4th Dimension, 1915

• 

• 

Sculptures [edit]

• 

More highlights from the collection [edit]

• 

  One of the Thorne Miniature Rooms, c. 1930s

• 

  Pieces from the porcelain collection in the Art Institute of Chicago

• 

  Museum hall

Governance [edit]

Attendance [edit]

During 2009, attendance was effectually 2 million—up 33 pct from 2008—in improver to a full of approximately 100,000 museum memberships. Despite a 25 percent boost in museum admission fees, the Modern Wing was a major catalyst for a ascension in visitor traffic.^[54]

Finances [edit]

As of 2011, the Fine art Plant continues to rebuild its $783 million endowment since the recession.^[55] In June 2008, its endowment was $827 million. Equally of 2012, the museum is rated A1 by Moody's, its 5th-highest grade, in role reflecting the museum's pension and retirement liabilities; Standard & Poor'south rates the museum A+, fifth-best. In October 2012, the Art Establish sold about $100 one thousand thousand of taxable and tax-exempt bonds partly to shore up unfunded pension obligations.^[56]

The $294 one thousand thousand extension in 2009 was the culmination of a $385 million fundraising campaign—roughly $300 1000000 for design and construction and $85 1000000 for the endowment. Around $370 1000000 were raised primarily from individual patrons in Chicago.^[57] In 2011, the Art Found received a $ten million souvenir from the Jaharis Family Foundation to renovate and expand galleries devoted to Greek, Roman and Byzantine fine art, as well as to support acquisitions and special exhibitions of that art.^[58]

Acquisitions and deaccessioning [edit]

In 1990, the Art Plant of Chicago sold eleven works at auction, including paintings by Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, Maurice Utrillo and Edgar Degas, to raise the $12 million purchase price of a bronze sculpture, Gold Bird, past Constantin Brâncuși. At the fourth dimension, the sculpture was owned past the Arts Club of Chicago, which was selling it to purchase a new gallery for its other works.^[59] In 2005, the museum sold 2 paintings by Marc Chagall and Auguste Renoir at Sotheby'due south.^[60] In 2011, it auctioned two Picassos (Sur l'impériale traversant la Seine (1901) and Verre et pipage (1919)), Henri Matisse'due south Femme au fauteuil (1919), and Georges Braque's Nature morte à la guitare (rideaux rouge) (1938) at Christie's in London.^{[61] [62]}

Directors [edit]

• William Thou.R. French (1885–1914)
• Newton Carpenter (1914–1916)
• George Eggers (1918–1921)
• Robert Harshe (1921–1938)
• Daniel Catton Rich (1938–1958)
• Allen McNab (1956–1965)
• Charles Cunningham (1965–1972)
• Due east. Laurence Chalmers (1972–1986)
• James N. Forest (1980–2004)
• James Cuno (2004–2011)
• Douglas Druick (2011–2016)
• James Rondeau (2016–present)

Controversy [edit]

Direction of investments dispute [edit]

In 2002, the Art Establish of Chicago filed accommodate alleging fraud by a small Dallas firm chosen Integral Investment Management, forth with related parties. The museum, which put $43 million of its endowment into funds run by the defendants, claimed that it faced losses of upwards to ninety% on the investments after they soured.^[63]

Structure disputes [edit]

In 2010, the year later on the opening of its massive Modern Wing, the Art Institute of Chicago sued the applied science firm Ove Arup for $10 million over what it said were flaws in the concrete floors and air-circulation systems. The suit was settled out of courtroom.^{[64] [65]}

Docent programme diversity dispute [edit]

In 2021, the Art Institute concluded its unpaid volunteer docents programme to motility to a paid model. The Chicago Tribune editorial page criticized the Intitute's letter announcing the change and the move to a new model, arguing that "[o]nce you cut through the blather, the letter basically said the museum had looked critically at its corps of docents, a group dominated by mostly (but not entirely) white, retired women with some fourth dimension to spare, and institute them wanting as a demographic."^[66] The Institute's director, Robert M. Levy, responded in a Tribune op-ed supporting the modify, and described the Tribune's editorial as having "numerous inaccuracies and mischaracterizations", noted that the docent program had already been largely on pause for the past 15 months due to the COVID pandemic, and argued that the conclusion was non almost anyone's identity, it was in keeping with changing mod museum practices around the world.^[67]

Following a volunteerism surge in the tardily 1940s, the program had been created in 1961 to revitalize and expand "programming for children."^[68] Amongst other matters, since 2014 the program had been trying to attract a more diverse socioeconomic perspective set of fine art-tour guides, given the unpaid time commitment needed.^[69]

In pop civilization [edit]

Managing director John Hughes included a sequence in the Fine art Institute in his 1986 picture show Ferris Bueller'southward Day Off, which is set in Chicago. During it the characters are shown viewing A Sun Afternoon on the Isle of La Grande Jatte. Hughes had first visited the Establish every bit a "refuge" while in high school. Hughes' commentary on the sequence was used as a reference signal past journalist Hadley Freeman in a give-and-take of the Republican presidential chief candidates in 2011.^[71]

The paintings used in the 1970 Parker Brothers board game Masterpiece are works held in the Fine art Institute's collection.^{[72] [ non-primary source needed ]}

See likewise [edit]

• American Academy of Art
• Bessie Bennett, early 20th century Curator of Decorative Art
• Forest Idyll
• Listing of near-visited museums in the United States
• Listing of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago
• Alme Meyvis
• Visual arts of Chicago

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2. ^ Art Newspaper List of Most-Visited Art museums, 31 March 2021
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External links [edit]

• Official website
• Art Institute'south Impressionistic collection, YouTube

mccrayanxiousele.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago

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